AllSides.com “Unlike regular news services, AllSides exposes bias and provides multiple angles on the same story so you can quickly get the full picture, not just one slant.” More about AllSides’ bias ratings http://www.allsides.com/bias/about-bias
FactCheck.org Read About FactCheck.org at http://www.factcheck.org/about/our-mission/ Includes SciCheck
Fact-Checking Research. American Press Institute
Inskeep, Steve. (2016, December 11). A finder's guide To facts. NPR.org
Journalist’s Resource. Tip Sheets Some tips sheets
Eight questions to ask when interpreting academic studies: A primer for media
Guide to critical thinking, research, data and theory: Overview for journalists
How do I evaluate the credibility of sources and determine which ones to use for a specific task?
Media Bias Fact Check [ See methodology used to decide on bias for the news sites analyzed on this site: Are there any problems with the criteria? Are there additional questions you might ask about the sites that are rated?]
On the Media Presents Breaking News Consumers Handbook. See this excellent site on breaking news, fake news, health news, Islamophobia, migration, poverty in America, etc.
Politifact Fact-checking politics
Ravenscroft, E. (2016, November). B. S. detector lets you know when you are reading a fake news source. [Blog post.]. [This LifeHacker blog post describes a Chrome extension that warns you when you are on a fake news site. ( List of sites used by this extension.) See also Fake news detector helps solve Facebook's problem, gets blocked ]
Rosenstiel, T. (2013, October 22). Six questions that will tell you what media to trust. American Press Institute.
Schulten, K. (2015, October 2). Skills and strategies: Fake news vs real news: Determining the reliability of sources. New York Times.
Silverman, C. (2012, May 24). Three ways to spot if an image has been manipulated. Poynter Institute.
Snopes' Field Guide to Fake News Sites and Hoax Purveyors: Snopes.com's updated guide to the internet's clickbaiting, news-faking, social media exploiting dark side. 2016.
Verification Handbook Resource for journalists and aid responders, which provides step-by-step guidelines for using user-generated content (UGC) during emergencies. Includes case studies on verification fundamentals, verifying images, verification tools, etc. Read online, download for free in various file formats. Also available for purchase.
Zimdars, Melissa.
Dr. Zimdars, a professor of Communication at Merrimack College put up a list of sites that she considers problematic. She has been attacked as having a liberal bias. You can decide if that means she is incorrect in her judgements.
Zimdars, M. (2016, November 18). .My ‘fake news list’ went viral. But made-up stories are only part of the problem. The Washington Post.
These guides include information on satirical sites. Even though satire is not purposefully "fake", some people can't distinguish between satire and hard news.
Antioch Information Literacy in the Era of Fake News
DuQuesne University. Gumberg Library. Evaluating Information found in social media
Indiana University East. Fake News Help! My news is fake! How to fact-check like pro.
Kent State University. List of Satirical News Sites (including international satirical news sites).
[Lists sites that are intentionally satirical rather than “hard news” sites.]
Northern Essex Community College FAKE NEWS vs. REAL NEWS: How to Determine the Reliability of Sources
Rivier University. Regina Library/ERC. Evaluating online information
State Libraries of Louisiana Frauds and Fakes on the Internet
[Includes parody sites such as “The Onion” and the “Borowitz Report.” Some people mistake parody for hard news]
Washington State University Libraries Fake/Satirical News
[Points out that NBC.com.co is not the “real NBC” - http://www.nbc.com/ ]
Be sure to think carefully about the resources you are using. Apply the C.R.A.P. detection model.
* Currency - How recent is the information?
* Reliability - What kind of information is included in the resource? Is it balanced? Does the creator provide references or sources for data or quotations?
* Authority - Who is the creator or author? Who is the publisher or sponsor? What is the author's or publisher's interest (if any) in this information?
* Purpose/Point of View - Is this fact or opinion? Is the creator/author trying to sell you something; persuade you about something?
Some people add another "A" to spell CRAAP. the extra a is for Accuracy - Is the content readable? Is the content truthful? Is the content correct?
Wikipedia... helpful, but not perfect!
A research article about Wikipedia and disinformation:
Benson, B. (2016, September 1). Cognitive bias cheat sheet. [Blog post]. Retrieved from https://betterhumans.coach.me/cognitive-bias-cheat-sheet-55a472476b18#.bshcuupif Benson organized 175 cognitive biases described in Wikipedia articles by categorizing and giving an overview explanation for types of cognitive biases. What is a cognitive bias? "A cognitive bias refers to the systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby inferences about other people and situations may be drawn in an illogical fashion. Individuals create their own "subjective social reality" from their perception of the input." Wikipedia