In-text citations are referenced using a superscript number. These numbers correspond to a full reference found at the end of your paper. Each citation will be assigned a number one time, based on when they first appear in your paper.
The first citation you use will be,1 the second citation you use will be,2 and so on. If you want to cite a source that already has a reference list number associated with it, use the existing number.1
Citations should be numbered in the body of your paper with a superscript numeral.
If you are using Google Docs, you can turn on superscript by holding down the control button and the period button at the same time (CTRL+.). If you are using Microsoft Word, PC user can use CTRL+SHIFT+= ; for Mac users, it is Command+Shift+=). The superscript numbers should be placed OUTSIDE periods and commas and INSIDE colons and semicolons. They should be used directly after naming a resource.
TIP: HOW TO CITE
There are two major ways of citing within your paper: Using a direct quote or paraphrasing
Direct Quote: A word-for-word sentence stated by someone else.
Paraphrase: Paraphrasing is when you restate someone else’s idea in your own words.
When citing in-text, use numbers to label your resource. Numbers should be placed OUTSIDE periods and commas and INSIDE colons and semicolons. They should be used directly after naming a resource.
If you are citing a particular section of a work, you should cite the page number. Quotations are always accompanied by a page number. Use a pfor a single page number, and pp for multiple page numbers.
When citing multiple resources, list them in numerical order, hyphens are allowed when citing a series of resources.
For references with more than 2 authors or authors and a group, include the first author's surname followed by "et al," "and associates," or "and colleagues."
If you are reading a text that includes a quote from another resource that you would like to cite, this is called a secondary citation. If possible, you should always try to go back and use the original source, but if you are unable to do so, you can quote the secondary resource.
In the actual text of your paper where the citation occurs, refer to the original source, but in your reference list, your citation will reference both the original source and secondary source.
For example, if you were reading The Heart Transmission of Medicine by Liu Yi-ren, and found a quote from the Nei Jing you would actually state that the quote is from the clasical text, but the citation and reference you would use would be for Liu Yi-ren's book:
But if you were quoting an analysis of the Nei Jing by Liu Yi-ren, then you would just quote Yi-ren's book, as normal.
Personal communications or information that have not yet gone to publication should be not listed on the reference page, but should be cited in the text of your paper. Personal communications should list the name of the source, any educational credentials, mode of communication, and the month and date. Unpublished work should include name of the researcher/author, any educational credentials, and the month and date of the research.
While it is better to use images you have created, sometimes you will need to use previously published images within your work. Written permission is necessary to use another person's copyrighted image in your work. Generally, the copyright holder is the person that created the image or the publisher from where you found the image. You should cite the original source in the image legend (also known as the caption) and include the permission statement.
Example:
Reprinted with permission from the American Acupuncture Association.3