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Citing in AMA Format: Reference List

References

Reference entries should be listed and numbered in the order they were cited in your paper. If the citation extends to a second line, do NOT indent (as in APA).

References

  1. Maciocia G. The Foundations Of Chinese Medicine. Edinburgh: Elsevier; 2015.
  2. West Z, Isaacs L. Acupuncture In Pregnancy And Childbirth. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2008.
  3. Gage B, Fihn S, White R. Management and dosing of warfarin therapy. Am J Med. 2000;109(6):481-488. doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(00)00545-3.
  4. Mast T, DeMuro-Mercon C, Kelly C, Floyd L, Walter E. The impact of rotavirus gastroenteritis on the family. BMC Pediatr. 2009;9(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2431-9-11.

Citing Multiple Authors

For six or fewer authors, list each author and separate each author with a comma.

Mast T, DeMuro-Mercon C, Kelly C, Floyd L, Walter E. The impact of rotavirus gastroenteritis on the family. BMC Pediatr. 2009;9(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2431-9-11.

 

If there are more than 6 authors, list only the first 3 authors, followed by et al.

Mast T, DeMuro-Mercon C, Kelly C, et al. The impact of rotavirus gastroenteritis on the family. BMC Pediatr. 2009;9(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2431-9-11.

To Capitalize or Not to Capitalize?

AMA uses title case for book and journal titles, and sentence case for chapter and article titles. 

Title case is when each word in the sentence is capitalized. For example, the book:

The Foundations of Chinese Medicine.


Sentence case is when only the first letter and any proper nouns are capitalized. For example, the journal article:

Traditional Chinese medicine speeds up humerus fracture healing: two case reports.

Books

Book

Use Title Case for the title of the book.

Format:
Authorname AA, Authorname BB. Title of Book. Edition information. Place of Publication: Publisher Name; year of publication.

1. Maciocia G. The Practice of Chinese Medicine: The Treatment of Diseases with Acupuncture and Chinese Herbs. 2nd ed. Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier; 2009.

Chapter in a Book

Use Sentence case for the book chapter, and Title Case for the title of the book.

Format:
Authorname AA. Title of chapter. In: Editorname BB, Editorname CC, eds. Title of Book. Edition information. Place of Publication: Publisher Name; year of publication: page numbers.

2. Maitra A, Kumar V. The heart. In: Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Mitchell RD, eds. Robbins Basic Pathology. 9th ed. Saunders/Elsevier; 2013:365-406.

eBooks

E-Books use the same format as print books, but include the URL and accessed date at the end.

Full Book

3. Liu G. Discussion Of Cold Damage (Shang Han Lun) : Commentaries And Clinical Applications. Singing Dragon; 2016. Accessed September 20, 2018. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1061116&site=ehost-live

Chapter

4. Liu G. Differentiation and treatment of Shao Yang disease based on examining pulses, symptoms and signs. Discussion of Cold Damage (Shang Han Lun) : Commentaries and Clinical Applications. Singing Dragon; 2016. Accessed September 20, 2018. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=1061116&site=ehost-live

Journal Articles

For journal articles, use Sentence case; for the journal title, use Title Case. AMA recommends that you use journal title abbreviations when available. For example, The American Journal of Acupuncture would be Am J Acupunct. You can look up journal title abbreviations using the NLM Catalog.

Print Journal Article

Format:
Authorname AA. Article title. Journal Title Abbreviation. Year;volume no.(issue no.):inclusive pages. DOI, if provided

3. Mitchell P, Wells JE. Acupuncture for chronic asthma: a controlled trial with six months follow-up. Am J Acupunct. 1989;17(1):5-13.

Electronic Journal Article

You should always include the DOI, if available. For online articles that do not include a DOI number, you can include the URL and accessed date. Do not use URLs from databases that are excessively long. Do not use a URL or accessed date for articles with a DOI.

Format:
Authorname AA. Article title. Journal Title Abbreviation. Year; volume no.(issue no.):inclusive pages. Accessed date (if using a URL). URL or DOI

URL
5. Hseuh T, Hsienhsueh E, Wang T, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine speeds up humerus fracture healing: two case reports. Complement Ther Med. 2012;20(6):431-433. Accessed November 19, 2012. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23131374

 

DOI
5. Hseuh T, Hsienhsueh E, Wang T, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine speeds up humerus fracture healing: two case reports. Complement Ther Med. 2012;20(6):431-433. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2012.08.002.

E-Journal Article with no page numbers

Use as much information is possible. Some online resources use digital identifiers -- include those when available.

Jepson RG, Williams G, Craig JC. Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(10):CD001321. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub5

E-Pub Ahead of Print Journal Article

Messerli FH. Chocolate consumption, cognitive function, and Nobel laureates. N Engl J Med. Accepted manuscript. Published online October 10, 2012. doi:10.1056/NEJMon1211064.

Reference Databases

Drug or Medical Reference Database

Format:
Authors (if known). Title of Database. Publisher’s Name: Year of publication and/or version number. Updated date. Accessed date. URL

6. Natural Medicines: Medical Conditions. Natural Medicines; 2016. Updated August 18, 2015. Accessed November 12, 2016. https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/databases/medical-conditions.aspx

Specific Drug or Medical Condition Article in a Reference Database

Format:
Authors (if known). Title of Article. Title of Database. Publisher’s Name: Year of publication and/or version number. Updated date. Accessed date. URL

7. Dong Quai. In: Natural Medicines: Foods, Herbs & Supplements. Natural Medicines; 2016. Updated October 10, 2016. Accessed November 12, 2016. https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/databases/food,-herbs-supplements/professional.aspx?productid=936

Websites

Author, if given. Title of the specific item cited (if no title is given, use the name of the organization responsible for the site). Name of the website. Published date. Updated date. Accessed date. URL (Including as much publication information as available.)

Standard Website

8. Rabinowitz N. Acupuncture and pregnancy. Acufinder. Accessed November 19, 2012. https://www.acufinder.com/Acupuncture+Information/Detail/Acupuncture+and+Pregnancy

Government / Organization Reports

Use journal style for articles, book style for monographs.

9. U.S. Department of Health, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Expert panel report 3 (EPR - 3): guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma - summary report 2007. Published October, 2007. Accessed October 24, 2012. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/asthsumm.html

Audiovisual Materials

A/V Materials

The format for audiotapes, videotapes, and DVDs are similar to books, but sometimes you will need to include the format of the references in your citation.

Format:
Author. Title of Item. Publisher Name; Year of publication.

Physical Item

10. Yuen J. The Spleen and Stomach Primary Channels of Classical Chinese Medicine. DVD. Academy of Classical Chinese Medicine; 2016.

Online Video

For videos, provide the author only if you are sure that person created the video. Do not list the person posting the video online as the author. If you are unsure, treat the citation as having no author.

Format:
Author(s). Title of specific item cited. Publisher; Date. Accessed date. URL

Video with no Author

11. [Funny] Japanese elevator prank. YouTube. Accessed September 21, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQYfuialj3M

Video with Author and Publisher

12. Valadez-Martinez L. Things about a PhD nobody told you about. YouTube. TEDx Talks; 2016. Accessed September 21, 2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAKsQf77nHU

Student Papers and Unpublished Theses

Theses should include the location of the college where the theses was written. Titles of theses should be in italics, and include the type of thesis after the title.

OCOM Student Paper

13. Resko E, Sigrist E. Treating PTSD with Chinese Medicine: A Manual for Practitioners. Master's thesis. Oregon College of Oriental Medicine; 2010. 

Lecture or Class Material

For class lectures or class handouts that are not published materials, use the "unpublished materials" format.

Format:
Author. Title of Presentation. Paper, Poster, or lecture presented at: Place it was presented; date; location.

Class Lecture

14. Marx B. Key issues in research. Lecture presented at: RE504 Integrative Medicine Research I; October 22, 2018; Portland, OR.

Class Powerpoint

15. Marx B. Key issues in research. Powerpoint presented at: RE504 Integrative Medicine Research I; October 22, 2018; Portland, OR.

Secondary Sources

Although it is always best to go back to the original source, you may reference one author's citation or quote from another's work.

In the text of your paper, mention the name of the original author, but your reference list should only include the reference you actually consulted. For example, if you wanted to quote a passage by Sue Fawn Chong (who wrote Fighting for Their American Rights: A History of the Chinese American Citizens Alliance) that was quoted in Marie Rose Wong's book, Sweet Cakes, Long Journey, you would name Chung in the text of your paper, but reference Wong's book in your reference list:

In Text

Sue Fawn Chung noted that Oregon customs houses aided undocumented Chinese in entering the country; two Portland customs officers were even implicated in allowing fake certificates through "for a price."16(p123)  

Reference

16. Wong MR. Sweet Cakes, Long Journey: The Chinatowns of PortlandOregon. University of Washington Press; 2011.

Figures/Images

Figures and images that you have reproduced within your text should be treated similar to quotations, meaning that in your reference list, you will include the reference where the figure or image came from. If you found the figure or image in a book, in your reference list you would include that book, if it was from a website, format the reference for a website.

In Text

Section in plane of superior cerebellar peduncle. Illustration by Frank Netter. Reprinted with permission from Elsevier Inc.17  

Reference

17. Netter FH. Netter Atlas of Human Anatomy: Classic Regional Approach. 8th ed. Elsevier Inc; 2023.

Brochures/Pamphlets

Format:
Author. Title of Pamphlet. Description. Publisher Name. Year Created (if available). Accessed Month Day, Year (if applicable). URL (if applicable)

18. Chan, HPY. The 8 Diagrams, 8 Octants, 8 Regions, Locations, Directions, Zang-Fu and 13 Acuzones. Chart. Hoy Ping Yee Chan. 2004.  

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